The selection of the right lighting can be a major contribution to retail sales. Lighting can establish a store’s image, lead customers inside, focus their attention, make the products attractive and visible, and in general encourage purchasing. “Energy Effective” lighting provides all these benefits for the lowest life-cycle cost, while saving energy, operating costs, and maintenance. This guide shows you how it is done, with sample layouts and specifications that are energy effective, and energy code compliant.
Retail lighting must have good color, contrast and balance between lighted surfaces. Other qualities are listed in the chart below. There is no single formula for all retail lighting. A professional lighting designer or retail designer may be able to create successful designs while breaking all the rules suggested here. However, this guide is intended to provide sound advice and simple techniques for consistently successful and “energy effective” retail lighting.
LIGHTING LAYOUTS
These layouts are intended for independent MI retail establishments between 500 and 1,000 square feet in size, and for three different types of stores: Basic retail lighting systems are appropriate for high activity, self-service retailing such as mass merchandising and discount stores. Shelves are generally tall and dense. Bright surfaces, exposed sources, and industrial luminaires are an important part of the approach, communicating the image of “maximum value” to customers. Higher-end retailing requires lower ambient levels and more accent lighting to create contrast and drama. These stores have a more relaxed level of customer activity with more personalized sales assistance. The majority of stores fall in between these categories, requiring more ambient lighting than exclusive shops, with fewer accent lights. We call this category an intermediate retail store.
MUSIC STORE LIGHTING ELEMENTS
AMBIENT LIGHTING
General, uniform lighting using light fixtures that distribute the light widely, directly or indirectly. Ambient lighting enables the customer to see and examine the merchandise, and the sales staff to complete the sale and perform their other duties.
ACCENT LIGHTING
Spotlighting used to provide higher levels of light in a focused pattern to accentuate selected objects in relation to their surroundings. Accent lighting establishes the importance of certain objects through the use of contrast, and highlights the form, structure, texture, or color of the merchandise.
PERIMETER LIGHTING AND VALANCE LIGHTING
Lighting the vertical surfaces. Asymmetrical light fixtures can direct light on tall vertical shelving and displays, typically located at the perimeter of the merchandise area. Valance lighting allows the source to be quite close to the merchandise area. Valance lighting allows the source to be quite close to the merchandise, providing a shield or “valance” to conceal the light sources from the view of the customer. Valances are often built into the wall, shelving unit or gondola. Although primarily intended to provide light down on the merchandise, they also can be designed to light up on signage or provide indirect ambient lighting for the space.
SHELF LIGHTING AND CASE LIGHTING
Small or miniature light sources located very close to the objects being displayed, shielded from the customer’s views. This lighting must be carefully selected for the particular application to avoid accidental contact with hot lamps and to prevent damaging instruments and other merchandise with too much ultra-violet radiation or heat.
HELPFUL HINTS
Q. Incandescent light has a truer color?
A. FALSE. There is no “true” color of light, but mid-day natural light is often considered a standard because it has all the wavelengths of color in more or less equal amounts. Incandescent sources are rich in warm tones, but weak in cool tones. This is flattering to skin tones but poor in revealing colors for many products, especially those containing blues and greens. New “tri-phosphor” technology has resulted in fluorescent sources with superior color rendering in a wide variety of color appearances and lamp types.
Q. Low-voltage lamps use less energy than standard voltage lamps?
A. FALSE. A 50-watt 12-volt lamp uses the same amount of power as a 50-watt, 120-volt lamp or 50 watt 277 volt lamp. However, low-voltage lamps have smaller filaments, which enables tighter focus of the beam. Thus, low voltage may be the most energy-effective choice for accent lighting.
Q. More light is better?
A. FALSE. Lighting for retail is all about contrast and focus. Too much accent lighting means no contrast and no focus. The greatest lighting value is achieved by balancing ambient and accent lighting.
It’s a Trade-Off
Higher-end shops do not need to use more energy to be effective. The lighting layouts we’ll discuss in Part II of this guide all have connected loads of 2.1 watts per square foot or less. All achieve good quality lighting appropriate for their businesses. Higher light levels are provided in Basic retailing. Higher-end shops provide more focus and highlights by decreasing the ambient light levels. Compared to common practice, 2.1 watts per square foot not only meets the latest energy codes, but also saves 30 percent of a store’s energy cost for lighting.
Dos
1. Put the light source close to the merchandise.
2. For ambient lighting, use efficient, diffuse
sources, such as fluorescent.
3. For accent lighting, use narrow beam spotlights
such as Halogen PARs or Low-Voltage MR-16s.
4. Use the fewest types of lamp to get the desired
effect, educing relamping mistakes, and
maintenance headaches.
5. Illuminate the aisles with spill light from the
accented merchandising areas or displays.
6. Lower levels of ambient lighting require fewer
watts of accent lighting.
7. Use the lightest colors on the interior surfaces
of shelving.
8. Use organized patterns of light fixtures. Chotic
patters may confuse, agitate, or fatigue the customers.
9. Use high color rendering lamps for both ambient
and task lighting.
Don'ts
1. Using incandescent lights for everything.
2. Track lighting rather than fixed locations.
3. Using floodlights rather than spotlights.
4. Random fixture layouts or visual chaos.
5. Too many shiny surfaces.
6. Black ceilings.
7. Dark finishes.
8. Accent everything, while emphasizing nothing in
particular.
9. Spotty lighting. Not enough ambient light to
clearly examine merchandise.
LIGHTING SCHEDULE
AMBIENT LUMINAIRES
A. 2’ x 4’ PARABOLIC TROFFER, THREE-LAMP
LAMPS: (3) 32W T8, 835 COLOR
DESCRIPTION: Recessed fluorescent with white baked enamel interior reflector, parabolic louvers that are white-painted or semi-specular anodized aluminum, minimum 2-3/4” deep, with 18 cells; Three-lamp electronic instant-start ballast, 91 nominal input watts; 71% minimum fixture efficiency.
B. 2’ x 2’ PARABOLIC TROFFER, TWO-LAMP
LAMPS: (2) 31W T8 U-TUBE, 6” Leg spacing. 835 color for intermediate retail, 830 color for higher-end shops.
DESCRIPTION: Recessed Fluorescent troffer with white baked enamel interior reflector and parabolic louvers that are painted white or semi-specular anodized aluminum; minimum 2-3/4” deep; with nice cells; Two-lamp electronic instant start ballast; 61 nominal input watts; 65% minimum fixture efficiency.
C. VALANCE: SIDE-SOCKET FLUORESCENT CHANNEL
LAMPS: (1) 32W T8, 835 color in intermediate retail, 830 color in higher-end shops.
DESCRIPTION: Standard fluorescent industrial strip with single lamp mounted on side; Nominal 8’-0” housing with two lamps in-line; Two-lamp electronic instant start ballast, 61 nominal input watts; Tandem wire and use four-lamp ballasts where possible.
D. SMALL DECORATIVE PENDANT BOWL
LAMPS: (4) 13W TT, 830 color
DESCRIPTION: 20” to 24” diameter bowl with frosted, patterned, or colored glass or acrylic; Provides image and brightness to space, and may light ceiling.
E. 2-LAMP FLUORESCENT INDUSTRIAL WITH REFLECTOR.
PENDANT OR SURFACE MOUNTED
LAMPS: (2) 32W T8, 841 color for basic retail, 835 color for intermediate retail.
DESCRIPTION: Pendant or surface mounted fluorescent luminaire in modules of 8’-0” (4 lams per 8’-0”); White baked enamel finish; Minimum 90% downlight; 95% minimum fixture efficiency; Four-lamp electronic instant start ballast, 110 nominal input watts; Surface mount to low ceilings (8’-6” or less) or pendant mount at 18” above highest product shelf.
ACCENT LUMINAIRES
M1. MR-16 SPOT LIGHT
LAMPS: 50W MR-16 Narrow Spot
DESCRIPTION: Requires low voltage electronic transformer; Mount to J-box, canopy, mono-track or pendant, as required by application; Use narrowest beam spread for the most impact.
M2. HALOGEN PAR20 LAMP SPOT LIGHT
LAMPS: 50W PAR20 Spot
DESCRIPTION: Alternative to M1; No transformer required; Mount to J-box, canopy, mono-track or pendant, as required by application; Use narrowest beam spread for the most impact.
M3. HALOGEN PAR30 OR PAR38 SPOT LIGHT
LAMP OPTIONS: 50W PAR30 Spot or Q90 PAR38 Spot
DESCRIPTION: Alternative to M1 or M2; Larger size lamp and softer beam spread; Choose PAR30 or PAR38 fixture to fit lamp size; Mount to J-box, canopy, mono-track or pendant, as required by application; Use narrowest beam spread for the most impact; Reduce quantity of 90-Watt lamps.
N. RECESSED MR-16 ADJUSTABLE ANGLE ACCENT LIGHT
LAMPS: 50W MR-16 Narrow Spot
DESCRIPTION: Recessed housing with nominal 5” diameter aperture; 35-degree tilt or more; Specular or semi-specular clear cone; Integral low-voltage transformer.
Pete Miller is a leader in the lighting industry with over 30 years of industry experience. He is both a Lighting Certified Professional (LC) and a Certified Document Technologist (CDT) from the Construction Specifications Institute.
Through his career, Miller has been involved with the design of over 600 on-time store openings and is quickly adding to this total everyday.
Pete Miller specializes in retail lighting, the logistics of national store rollouts, and the architectural interface for store planning, construction, and purchasing. He is a valued retail lighting resource for leading retail architects from North America, South America, and Europe.
Miller is also in regular consultation with store planners, construction managers, and procurement professionals for fortune 500 retailers.
Look for Part II of ‘MI Store Lighting Know-How’ in the May 2014 issue of MMR.
